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Renormalization of Discrete-Time Quantum Walks with non-Grover Coins

机译:具有非Grover硬币的离散时间量子行程的重整化

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摘要

We present an in-depth analytic study of discrete-time quantum walks drivenby a non-reflective coin. Specifically, we compare the properties of thewidely-used Grover coin ${\cal C}_{G}$ that is unitary and reflective (${\calC}_{G}^{2}=\mathbb{I}$) with those of a $3\times3$ "rotational" coin ${\calC}_{60}$ that is unitary but non-reflective (${\calC}_{60}^{2}\not=\mathbb{I}$) and satisfies instead ${\calC}_{60}^{6}=\mathbb{I}$, which corresponds to a rotation by $60^{\circ}$. Whilesuch a modification apparently changes the real-space renormalization group(RG) treatment, we show that nonetheless this non-reflective quantum walkremains in the same universality class as the Grover walk. We first demonstratethe procedure with ${\cal C}_{60}$ for a 3-state quantum walk on aone-dimensional (\emph{1d}) line, where we can solve the RG-recursions inclosed form, in the process providing exact solutions for some difficultnon-linear recursions. Then, we apply the procedure to a quantum walk on a dualSierpinski gasket (DSG), for which we reproduce ultimately the same resultsfound for ${\cal C}_{G}$, further demonstrating the robustness of theuniversality class.
机译:我们提出了由非反射硬币驱动的离散时间量子行走的深入分析研究。具体而言,我们比较了整体使用的格罗弗硬币$ {\ cal C} _ {G} $的属性,该属性是单一的和反射性的($ {\ calC} _ {G} ^ {2} = \ mathbb {I} $)带有$ 3 \ times3 $美元的“旋转”硬币$ {\ calC} _ {60} $,该硬币是单一的但无反射性的($ {\ calC} _ {60} ^ {2} \ not = \ mathbb {I } $),而是满足$ {\ calC} _ {60} ^ {6} = \ mathbb {I} $,这相当于旋转了$ 60 ^ {\ circ} $。尽管这样的修改显然改变了实空间重归一化组(RG)的处理方式,但我们表明,尽管如此,这种非反射量子步态仍然与Grover步态具有相同的通用性。我们首先用$ {\ cal C} _ {60} $演示在一维(\ emph {1d})线上进行三态量子行走的过程,在此过程中,我们可以求解RG递归封闭形式为某些困难的非线性递归提供精确的解决方案。然后,我们将该程序应用于在DualSierpinski垫片(DSG)上的量子行走,为此我们最终再现了与$ {\ cal C} _ {G} $相同的结果,从而进一步证明了通用性类别的鲁棒性。

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